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PRELIMINARY CM9330 Asymmetrical High Efficiency Three Channel Boost LED Driver
Features
* * 2.7V to 6V input voltage range Up to 85% typical efficiency even for asymmetrical channel loads in terms of LED number, LED current and LED dropout Excellent 5 series x 3 parallel WLED drive capability Up to 140 mA/19V output current/voltage Independent current setting using an external low power resistor for each channel (no ballast resistors) No external frequency compensation needed Low (<1%) LED output voltage and current ripple Input undervoltage lockout and output over-voltage protection 1 MHz fixed switching frequency (0.5 MHz option available) Uses small inductor and ceramic capacitors Integrated low ON-Resistance (0.3 ) N-Channel MOSFET switch Disconnects LEDs during shutdown Low profile TQFN-16 package Optional RoHS compliant lead-free packaging
Product Description
The CM9330 is a high frequency, three-channel inductor-based PWM boost regulator specifically designed for constant current white LED drive applications. With a maximum 140mA/19V output capability, the circuit can drive up to 15 WLEDs (5 series x 3 parallel) allowing up to 35 mA per channel. With a typical input voltage range from 2.7V to 6.0V, it can be operated from a single cell Li-Ion battery. The proprietary FlexBoostTM architecture (patent pending) provides high efficiency (typical 85%) for a wide input voltage range, even for asymmetrical channel loads in terms of LED number, LED current and LED type. A standard (non-interleave) version is also available using a MODE selection pin (not available for mass production). The maximum LED current for each channel is independently programmed with external low-power resistors (no ballast resistors needed). A 1 MHz constant frequency PWM saves board space, allowing small, low-cost external components, and permitting designers to avoid sensitive IF bands in RF applications. The output over-voltage protection circuit prevents damage in the case of a high impedance output (e.g. faulty LED). The controlled current limit circuit prevents large inductor current spikes, even at start-up. To avoid possible leakage currents, the EN control pin disconnects the LEDs from ground during shutdown. The CM9330 is available in a compact TQFN-16 packages. It can operate over the industrial temperature range of -40C to 85C.
* * *
* * * * * * * * *
Applications
* * * * * * * Drives white LEDs for backlighting color LCD Cell phones MP3 players PDA, GPS Digital Still Cameras LED flashlights Handheld devices
Typical Application
VIN 2.7V to 6.0V CIN 10 uF/10V
off on (by default)
L1 4.7 uH
D1 1A, 20V
VOUT COUT 1 uF/16V
Enable
16 RSET1 22K 2 3 RSET2 22K 4 LED1 NC ISET2
NC
15
NC
14
NC
13 12 11 10 9 interlv ( by default)
no-interlv
1 ISET1
CH1
Channel CH2 CH3
PhotonICTM
CM9330
EN
VOUT SW GND MODE
ISET3
LED2
LED3
7
RSET3 22K
5
6
(c) 2006 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 04/26/06
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PRELIMINARY CM9330
Package Pinout
PACKAGE / PINOUT DIAGRAM
Bottom View
6 ISET3 5 LED2 7 LED3 8 VIN
ISET2 MODE LED1 ISET1
4 3 2 1 16 15 14 13
9 NC
TQFN16 4 X4
10 GND 11 SW 12 VOUT
NC
NC
16-Lead TQFN Package (4mm x 4mm)
Note: This drawing is not to scale.
Ordering Information
PART NUMBERING INFORMATION
Lead Free Finish Pins 16 Package TQFN Ordering Part Number1 CM9330-01QE Part Marking
Note 1: Parts are shipped in Tape & Reel form unless otherwise specified.
Specifications
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
PARAMETER ESD Protection (HBM) VIN to GND Pin Voltages VOUT, SW to GND LED1, LED2, LED3 to GND ISET1, ISET2, ISET3 to GND Storage Temperature Range Operating Temperature Range Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10s) RATING 2 [GND - 0.3] to +6.0 20 20 [GND - 0.3] to +5.0 -65 to +150 -40 to +85 300 UNITS kV V V V V C C C
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PRELIMINARY CM9330
Specifications (cont'd)
ELECTRICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (SEE NOTE 1)
VIN = 3.6V; CIN = 10F, COUT = 1F, L1 = 4.7H, interleave mode, TA = 25C (unless otherwise specified) SYMBOL VIN IQ VUVLO VOVP ISD VEN Channel 1 ILED1 PARAMETER Input Voltage Range Quiescent Current Undervoltage Lockout Output Overvoltage Protection Shutdown Current Device Enable Threshold ILED < 0.6mA (each channel), nonswitching VIN Rising VOUT Rising VEN = 0V Device ON (by default) Device OFF VIN = 3.0V to 6.0V, RSET1(k) 4 WLED VIN = 2.7V to 6.0V Standard load (Note 3) VIN = 3.0V to 6.0V, RSET2(k) 4 WLED VIN = 2.7V to 6.0V Standard load (Note 3) VIN = 3.0V to 6.0V, RSET3(k) 4 WLED VIN = 2.7V to 6.0V Standard load (Note 3) VIN = 3.0V to 6.0V Each Channel VIN = 3.0V to 6.0V ILED 1,2,3 = 2mA to ILED MAX VIN = 2.7V to 6.0V, ILED 1,2,3 = 2mA to ILED MAX Standard Load (Note 3) ISW = 0.8A, VGS = 15V Standard Load (Note 3) Standard Load (Note 3) ILED 1,2,3 = 20mA, 4WLED+1W+1W 1% RSET Accuracy, Each Channel 100 VIN 5 50 300 85 0.65 835 3 500 20 95 2 1 0.80 1 2 1 0.80 450 --------------R SET3 30 5 V %/V mA V % mVpp m % A mW % 1.0 0.2 2 1 0.80 450 --------------R SET2 30 5 V mA 450 --------------R SET1 35 5 V mA CONDITIONS MIN 2.7 1.2 2.0 19.0 2.2 19.5 10 TYP MAX 6.0 2.0 2.4 20.0 15 UNIT S V mA V V A V V mA
LED Current (Note 1) Number of LEDs (Note 2)
VLED1 Channel 2 ILED2
Voltage on LED1 Pin LED Current (Note 1) Number of LEDs (Note 2)
VLED2 Channel 3 ILED3
Voltage on LED2 Pin LED Current (Note 1) Number of LEDs (Note 2)
VLED3
Voltage on LED3 Pin
Boost Circuit (Note 3) ILED / ILED VIN Line Regulation IOUT VOUT D VOUTR RDSON Eff ISW PIN Control ILED acc Boost Output Current Boost Output Voltage Duty Cycle Range Output Voltage Ripple MOSFET ON Resistance Efficiency Switch Peak Current Input Power Channel Current Matching (Note 4)
(c) 2006 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 04/26/06
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PRELIMINARY CM9330
Specifications (cont'd)
ELECTRICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (SEE NOTE 1)
VIN = 3.6V; CIN = 10F, COUT = 1F, L1 = 4.7H, interleave mode, TA = 25C (unless otherwise specified) SYMBOL ILEDR ILEDNL fs PARAMETER LED Current Ripple No-Load Mode (Note 5) Switching Frequency CONDITIONS Standard Load (Note 3) All Channels VIN = 2.7V to 6.0V 0 0.8 1.0 MIN TYP 0.2 0.6 1.2 MAX UNIT S mApp mA MHz UNIT S mA %/V %/V mW
VIN = 3.6V; CIN = 10F, COUT = 1F, L1 = 4.7H, non-interleave mode (Note 6), TA = 25C (unless otherwise specified) SYMBOL ILED PARAMETER LED Current Line Regulation @ High Load CONDITIONS VIN = 3.0V to 6.0V, RSET(k) L = 4.7H, VIN = 3.0V to 5.5V 4W+4W+4W, 40mA+40mA+40mA L = 10H, VIN = 3.0V to 5.5V 4W+4W+4W, 60mA+40mA+40mA\ ILED 1,2,3 = 20mA, 4WLED+1W+1W
I LED ( mA ) 450 = --------------------R
MIN 2
TYP 730-----------R SET 1 3
975
MAX IMAX
ILED / VIN
PIN
Input Power
Note 1: ILED is the average PWM current through the LED string with internal 2/3 duty cycle and a 6 ms period. The following formula must be used to calculate the LED current:
SET ( k )
Note 2: For lower LED forward voltage the number of LEDs can be increased up to the maximum output voltage limit. Note 3: Standard Load is a 4 series x 3 parallel configuration set for IsetLED = 20 mA each channel (RSET1,2,3 = 22 k). Generally, a "4W+1W+1W" like formula denotes the WLED number of each channel, i.e. CH1+CH2+CH3 configurations. Note 4: [ILED(set) - ILED(effective)] / ILED(set) for each channel. Note 5: A LED current value below 0.6 mA for each channel set the circuit in No-load mode; all channels and MOSFET switch are in shutdown and DC circuit current consumption is limited to 1 mA (see quiescent current). Note 6: For non-interleave mode, all parameters have the same min/typ/max interleave mode values, unless otherwise specified.
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PRELIMINARY CM9330
Typical Performance Curves
ILED vs. VIN
21 .2 21 .0 1 60 1 50
ILED vs. VIN (high current)
L=10uH, 3W+4W+4W, 60mA+40mA+40mA
ILED1+IED2+ILED3 (mA
20.8 20.6
ILED1 ILED2
1 40
L=10uH, 4W+4W+4W, 60mA+40mA+40mA
ILED (mA)
20.4 20.2 20.0 1 9.8 1 9.6 1 9.4 1 9.2 1 9.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
1 30 1 20 10 1 1 00
L=10uH, 4W+4W+4W, 40mA+40mA+40mA
L=4.7uH, 4W+4W+4W, 40mA+40mA+40mA
ILED3 Interleave L = 4.7uH 4 WLED/ch TA = 25 C
5.5 6.0
L=4.7uH, 4W+4W+4W, 35mA+30mA+30mA
90 80 70 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
No-Interleave TA = 25 C
V IN (V)
V IN (V)
EFFICIENCY v.s VIN
90 90
EFFICIENCY vs. ILED
Vin=5.6V
85
Efficiency (%
Efficiency (%
85
80
4.2V 3.6V 3.0V 2.7V
75
80
70
Interleave ILED1,2,3 = 20mA L = 4.7uH 4 WLED/ch
75 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
65
60 0 5 1 0 1 5 20 25
L = 4.7uH 4 WLED/ch TA = 25 C
30 35
V IN (V )
ILED (m A)
EFFICIENCY vs. INDUCTOR
90 90
EFFICIENCY vs. STRING CONFIGURATION
L=4.7uH L=3.3uH
85 88 86
ILED=20mA+20mA+20mA
L=2.7uH
Efficiency (%
Efficiency (%
L=1.5uH
80
84
ILED=5mA+10mA+20mA
82 80 78
75
L=10uH L=15uH
ILED=20mA+10mA+5mA
70
ILED1,2,3 = 20 mA 4 WLED/ch TA = 25 C
65 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
76 74 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Interleave L = 4.7uH CH1,2,3 = 4W+3W+2W TA = 25 C
4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
V IN (V )
(c) 2006 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 04/26/06
V IN (V )
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PRELIMINARY CM9330
Functional Block Diagram
VIN
UVLO BIAS BG OSC PMW LOGIC
VOUT
OVP D4
SW
Q4 R
EN ISET1 ISET2 ISET3 MODE
ENABLE
D1
LED1
Q1 D2
LED2
Q2
CONTROL
LED3
D3 Q3
CM9330
GND
Pin Descriptions
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
LEAD(s) 1 NAME ISET1 DESCRIPTION Channel 1 LED current set pin. Between this pin and GND connect the RSET1 resistor, calculated as follows: 450 R SET1 ( k ) = ---------------------------I LED1 ( mA ) where ILED1 is the DC LED current in channel 1. 2 3 4 LED1 NC ISET2 Pin to cathode of channel 1 LED string. Not internally connected. For better heat flow, connect to GND. Channel 2 LED current set pin. Between this pin and GND connect the RSET2 resistor, calculated as follows: 450 R SET2 ( k ) = ---------------------------I LED2 ( mA ) where ILED2 is the DC LED current in channel 2. 5 LED2 Pin to cathode of channel 2 LED string.
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PRELIMINARY CM9330
Pin Descriptions (cont'd)
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
6 ISET3 Channel 3 LED current set pin. Between this pin and GND connect the RSET3 resistor, calculated as follows: 450 R SET3 ( k ) = ---------------------------I LED3 ( mA ) where ILED3 is the DC LED current in channel 3. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 EPad LED3 VIN MODE GND SW VOUT EN NC NC NC GND Pin to cathode of channel 3 LED string. Input supply voltage pin. Bypass with a 10 F or larger ceramic capacitor to ground. When MODE is HIGH (default), the circuit uses interleave mode. When MODE is LOW (GND), the circuit uses non-interleave mode. Ground terminal pin. Switching node. Internally connected to the drain of the integrated switch. Output voltage pin, which connects to the anodes of all LEDs. Bypass with a 1.0 F or greater ceramic capacitor to ground for low output ripple voltage. Enable pin. The circuit is ON when VEN is above 1.0V. The circuit is OFF when VEN is below 0.2V. Active High (ON) by default. Not internally connected. For better heat flow, connect to GND. Not internally connected. For better heat flow, connect to GND. Not internally connected. For better heat flow, connect to GND. Ground; backside exposed pad.
Application Information
The CM9330 is a high efficiency, constant frequency current regulating boost driver ideally suited for driving white LEDs to backlight LCD color displays and a camera flash in Li-ion powered portable devices. The CM9330 is the perfect driver for portable applications such as cellular phones, digital still cameras, PDAs, and any application where small space, compact overall size, and low system cost, are critical. With a maximum 140mA/19V output capability, the circuit can drive up to 15 WLEDs (5 series x 3 parallel) allowing up to 35 mA per channel. It includes a switch and an internally compensated loop for regulating the current into the LEDs. The CM9330 delivers a constant current to series-connected LEDs, ensuring uniform brightness and color purity regardless of any LED forward voltage variations. The proprietary design architecture allows asymmetrical loading on each channel and maintains high efficiency (typ 85%) at low VIN resulting in longer battery life, and cool, reliable operation when an adapter is supplying high VIN. The maximum LED current for
(c) 2006 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 04/26/06
each channel is independently programmed with external low power resistors avoiding ballast resistors. An 1MHz constant frequency PWM scheme saves board space using of small, low cost external components , allowing designers to avoid sensitive IF bands in RF applications. The circuit operates with low value inductor and low value output ceramic capacitor keeping voltage and current ripple in 1% range. The output over-voltage protection circuit prevents damage in the case of a high impedance output (e.g. faulty LED). The controlled current limit circuit limit prevents large inductor current spikes, even at start-up. To avoid possible leakage currents the EN control pin disconnects the LEDs from ground during shutdown.
CM9330 Operation
When a voltage that exceeds the undervoltage lockout threshold (UVLO) is applied to the VIN pin, the CM9330 initiates a softstart which limits the inrush current while the output capacitors are charged. Following
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PRELIMINARY CM9330
Application Information (cont'd)
softstart, the CM9330's internal NMOS drives an external inductor and Schottky diode delivers the inductor's stored energy to the load. Setting the LED Current The output current is set by the value of the RSET connected between the ISET pin and GND, according to the equations: (a) Interleave
450 R SET ( k ) = ------------------------I LED ( mA ) 730 R SET ( k ) = ------------------------I LED ( mA )
Inductor Selection The inductor is used to store energy in a boost converter. The amount of energy stored in the inductor and transferred to the load is controlled by the PWM. The inductor is operated in the discontinuous conduction mode, and to assume proper operation, the inductor value must be limited to a maximum value. An inductor with low series resistance (DCR) decreases power losses and increases efficiency. The core material should be capable of operating at I MHz with minimal core losses. An inductance of 4.7-H is optimum for most applications, but low DCR inductor values in 1.5-15uH range are also recommended for high efficiency applications. To ensure proper operation of the current regulator over a wide range of conditions, the inductor should be selected based on the required load power and the minimum input voltage. The saturation current rating should be chosen well above the steady state peak inductor current. At minimum VIN and full duty cycle (worse case), this is approximately:
1 V IN ( MIN ) x t ON 3V x 0.95 x --------------1MHz I PEAK -------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------- 0.7A L 4.7H
(b) Non-interleave
PWM Brightness Control The brightness WLEDs level can be continuously controlled for each channel using a PWM signal in 1-50 KHz range (recommended value is 10 kHz). As an example the PWM signal can be applied directly through RSET resistor for negative slope or by using a switch transistor for positive slope. See Figure 1 for different brightness control methods and results.
RSET1 ISET1 22k RSET2 ISET2 36k RSET3 ISET3 91k CM9330
PWM signal
Diode Selection The low forward voltage and fast switching time make Schottky diodes the choice for high efficiency operation. Make sure the diode has a reverse voltage rating greater than the maximum output voltage. The diode conducts only when the power switch is on, so a peak current rating above 1A should be sufficient for a typical design. Capacitor Selection
(a) Schematic
25
20
ILED1 negative slope
ILED2
ILED (mA)
1 5
1 0
5
ILED3 positive slope
For proper performance, use surface-mount, low ESR ceramic capacitors for CIN and COUT. X7R or X5R ceramic dielectric provides good stability over the operating temperature and voltage range.
50 60 70 80 90 1 00
0 0 1 0 20 30 40
DUTY (%)
(b) Brightness Curves
In most LED applications, high frequency output ripple is not a concern because it will not cause intensity variations that are visible to the human eye.
Figure 1. Brightness Control Using Different Methods
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PRELIMINARY CM9330
Application Information (cont'd)
For such applications, when low ripple is needed, a 22F input capacitor and/or 2.2 F output capacitor are recommended.
Layout Guide
Components should be placed ase close as practical to the IC to assure good performance. The input and output capacitors should be close, with minimum trace resistance and inductance. Reflected input ripple depends on the impedance of the VIN source, such as the PCB traces and the Li-ion battery, which has elevated impedance at higher frequencies. The input capacitor located near the converter input reduces this source impedance and ripple. Any ESR from the capacitor will result in steps and spikes in the ripple waveform, and possibly produce EMI. Route any noise sensitive traces away from the switching power components. Place the inductor and diode as close as possible to the SW pin to prevent noise emissions. The ground connections for RSET(1,2,3) resistors should be kept separate from the high power grounds and connect directly to the ground pin to assure accurate current and voltage settings. For better heat flow, connect all NC pins to GND plane. Also connect the thermal landing to the bottom ground plane with thermal vias.
REF DES CIN COUT L1
DESCRIPTION Capacitor, 10F, 10V, Ceramic, 1206 Capacitor, 1F, 16V, Ceramic, 0805 Inductor, 4.7H, 1A, Low DCR
D1
Schottky Diode, 1A, 20V, SMD
SOURCE Murata, GRM319R61A106KE19D Vishay, VJ1206G106KXQ Murata, GRM188R61C105KA93D TDK, C2012X5R1C105K Coilcraft, LP06013-472ML TMP Electronics Co., SPC-03802-4R7 CHILISIN, SCD03015-4R7 SUMIDA, CDH3D13/S4R7 IR, MBRS120 CHENMKO, SSM5817S
Input Filter If CM9330 is more than 4" from main power supply point, use an input RC filter to avoid high ripple and input transients to the circuit input pin (see Figure 2). In this case, because of small input ripple, the efficiency is about 2% higher.
to VIN
CM9330
LED3
GND MODE
VIN
10 9 RF 100 CF 0.1 uF/10V
7
8
Figure 2. Input Filter Solution
Mode Selection Two working modes are available for CM9330: interleave mode (output voltage is periodically adjusted depending on each channel load) and non-interleave mode (same output voltage level for all channels). For interleave option, keep MODE pin floating (HIGH by default) and for non-interleave option, connect MODE pin to GND. Figure 3. Example CM9330 PC Layout and Component Placement for Standard Application
(c) 2006 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 04/26/06
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PRELIMINARY CM9330
Mechanical Details
TQFN-16 Mechanical Specifications The CM9330 is supplied in a 16-lead, 4.0mm x 4.0mm TQFN package. Dimensions are presented below. For complete information on the TQFN16, see the California Micro Devices TQFN Package Information document. Mechanical Package Diagrams
D
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
Leads Dim. A A1 A3 b D D1 D2 E E1 E2 e L # per tube # per tape and reel 0.55 2.05 0.65 TYP. 0.65 0.022 xx pieces* xxxx pieces
E2
16 Millimeters Min 0.00 0.20 REF 0.25 4.0 BSC 1.95 REF 2.05 4.0 BSC 1.95 REF 2.15 0.081 0.026 0.026
D1
E
Package
TQFN-16 (4x4) Inches Max 0.84 0.04 0.33 0.00 .008 0.010 0.157 0.077 2.15 0.081 0.157 0.077 0.085 0.085 0.013 Min Nom 0.031 Max 0.033 0.002
Pin 1 Marking
Nom 0.80
0.15 C 0.15 C
TOP VIEW
0.10 C
0.08 C
SIDE VIEW
A3 A1
A
Controlling dimension: millimeters
* This is an approximate number which may vary.
E1
D2 L
DAP SIZE 1.8 X 1.8
e
b
16X 0.10
M
CAB
BOTTOM VIEW
Package Dimensions for 16-Lead TQFN
(c) 2006 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved.
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